The Hajj - a pilgrimage to Makkah – the journey of the lifetime, is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world, and is the fifth pillar of Islam, an obligation that must be fullfilled at least once in their lifetime by every able-bodied Muslim who is financially strong, healthy and safe. The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala.The pilgrimage occurs from the 8th to 12th day of Dhu al-Hijjah, the 12th month of the Islamic Hijri calendar. In summary, the Hajj is associated with the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) from the 7th century, but the ritual of pilgrimage to Makkah is considered by Muslims to stretch back thousands of years to the time of the Prophet Ibrahim alaihisalam (as) . Pilgrims join processions of hundreds of thousands of people, who simultaneously converge on Makkah for the week of the Hajj, and perform a series of rituals. Tawaf, each person walks counter-clockwise seven times around the Kaabah; kisses the Hajr el- Aswad in the corner of the Kaabah. Subsequently, they perform Sa’i, which is runs back and forth between the hills of Al-Safa and Al-Marwah; drinks from the Zamzam Well; goes to the plains of Mount Arafat to stand in vigil. They layer move to Mina via Mudzalifah and throws stones in a ritual stoning of the Devil at the three jamraats. The pilgrims then shave their heads, perform a ritual of animal sacrifice, and celebrate the three-day global festival of Eid al-Adha.
The above steps were demonstrated by the last but greatest Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in 632AD. He led his followers from Madinah to Makkah, which was the first Hajj performed by Muslims alone, and the only Hajj ever performed by Rasullullah Sallallahu alahai hi Wassalam. He cleansed the Kaabah, removed all of the idols, and re-ordained the building as the house of the almighty Allah subhanahu wa ta’ala (swt). It was from this point that the Hajj became one of the Five Pillars of Islam. On the ninth of Dhu al-Hijjah, the pilgrims leave for Wukuf at Arafat, where they stand in contemplative vigil, near a hill from which Prophet Muhammad saw gave his last sermon Khutbah Wida’. The Wukuf is the highlight or the climax of the lifetime journey - Hajj. Pilgrims must spend the afternoon within a defined area on the plain of Arafat until after sunset. Otherwise, their pilgrimage is invalid. No specific rituals or prayers are required during the stay at Arafat, although many pilgrims spend time praying, and thinking about the course of their lives. As soon as the sunsets, the pilgrims leave Arafat for Muzdalifah, an area between Arafat and Mina, where they gather pebbles for the next day's ritual of the stoning of the Devil (Shaitan). Many pilgrims spend the night sleeping on the ground or back in their tents at Muzdalifah before returning to Mina. It is now the 10th of the month, the day of Eid ul-Adha.
At Mina the pilgrims perform Ramy al-Jamarat, throwing stones to signify their defiance of the Devil. This symbolizes the trials experienced by Prophet Ibraham a.s. while he decided whether to sacrifice his son as demanded by Allah. The Devil challenged him three times, which he refused. Each pillar marks the location of one of these refusals. On the first occasion when Ramy al-Jamarat is performed, pilgrims stone the largest pillar known as Jamrat'al-Aqabah.On the second occasion, the other pillars Jamraat Ula and Jamraat Wusta are stoned..The stoning consists of throwing seven pebbles
At Mina the pilgrims perform Ramy al-Jamarat, throwing stones to signify their defiance of the Devil. This symbolizes the trials experienced by Prophet Ibraham a.s. while he decided whether to sacrifice his son as demanded by Allah. The Devil challenged him three times, which he refused. Each pillar marks the location of one of these refusals. On the first occasion when Ramy al-Jamarat is performed, pilgrims stone the largest pillar known as Jamrat'al-Aqabah.On the second occasion, the other pillars Jamraat Ula and Jamraat Wusta are stoned..The stoning consists of throwing seven pebbles
On the afternoon of the 11th and again the following day the pilgrims must again throw seven pebbles at each of the three Jamarat in Mina. Pilgrims must spent at least 6 hours at Mina for at least two days. They could leave Mina for Makkah before sunset on the 12th. However, it is better for them to stay on and perform the stoning ritual on the 13th before returning to Makkah.
After the Stoning of the Devil; the pilgrims shave their hair (for men) or at least three pieces of hairs; perform animal sacrifices to symbolize the almighty Allah swt having mercy on Prophet Ibraham a.s. and replacing his son with a ram, which Prophet Ibraham a.s. then sacrificed. Traditionally the pilgrims slaughtered the animal themselves, or oversaw the slaughtering.
Subsequently, the pilgrims travel back to Makkah, which is just five kilometers away, re-visit the Masjid al-Haram to perform Tawaf al-Ifadah, which symbolises being in a hurry to respond to the almighty Allah swt and show love for Him, an obligatory part of the Hajj. However, they could perform the Tawaf al-Ifadah after the 13th day of Dhul Hijjah. The night of the 10th is spent back at Mina. Finally, before leaving Makkah, pilgrims perform a farewell Tawaf called the Tawaf al-Wada. They are encourage to make supplication before the almighty Allah swt at Multazam, expecially on another opportunities to return back to the holiest place on earth - the Masjid el-Haram.
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